What Is Cardiorespiratory Endurance?
This fitness term refers to how efficiently your heart (“cardio”) and lungs (“respiratory”) work together to supply your body with oxygenated blood over an extended period. The better your cardiorespiratory endurance is, the longer you can exercise—without resting—at a level that increases your heart and breathing rates. You will usually hear the term shortened to just cardio or aerobic. You might also hear these activities called cardiorespiratory fitness, aerobic fitness, aerobic endurance, cardiopulmonary fitness, or a cardio workout. Cardio exercise increases the body’s need for oxygenated blood. In response, the heart works harder to supply blood to the lungs. The amount of blood your heart pumps with each beat (stroke volume) multiplied by its rate of pumping (heart rate) equals cardiac output. Exercise can increase cardiac output by three to four times the resting level. Breathing rate also increases as the lungs work to supply extra oxygen. Over time, cardio workouts will result in a healthier heart and lungs. In contrast, other forms of exercise like resistance training aim primarily to build muscle and bone strength.
How Much Cardio Do You Need?
On a global scale, the vast majority of children (about two-thirds) and adults (60-85%) do not get enough physical activity, according to WHO. That means most of us would benefit from more movement, but how much is enough? And how can you fit exercise into a schedule that’s already packed? Here are cardio exercise recommendations for both adults and kids, along with some creative ways to increase your cardiorespiratory endurance without a separate workout.
Guidelines for Adults
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises adults to choose one of the following options for cardio exercise each week:
150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity exercise75 minutes (1 hour and 15 minutes) of vigorous-intensity exerciseA combination of the two
Resistance training is also recommended on most days of the week to build and maintain muscle mass.
Guidelines for Children and Teens
The CDC recommends that children and teens get at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day, with most of it in the form of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise. Activities that build muscle and bone mass should also be encouraged to promote physical growth and development. Supporting your child’s participation in sports (or any physical activity they enjoy) is a good way to help them get moving and establish healthy habits.
Climbing a rock wall Push-ups Pull-ups Jumping jacks
Exercise Intensity Levels
How can you tell the difference between various intensity levels? The easiest way is to focus on how much effort it takes to talk while doing the activity. Because talking requires breathing, the more an exercise raises your breathing rate, the more difficult it will be to carry on a conversation while doing that exercise. Another way to gauge the intensity level of an activity is by taking your heart rate or pulse. While the gold standard for measuring exercise intensity is by maximum oxygen uptake in a laboratory, research has shown that heart rate is a comparable (and much more convenient) test. Exercising at a vigorous intensity level means that you can only speak a few words at a time. To use heart rate as a tool when exercising, first calculate your maximum heart rate by subtracting your age from 220. For example, a 60-year-old would subtract 60 from 220 for a maximum heart rate of 160. This is the fastest rate at which your heart can beat in one minute. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends aiming for 50-75% of max heart rate during moderate-intensity exercise and 75-85% of max heart rate during vigorous-intensity workouts. Below are maximum and target heart rate numbers provided by the AHA.
Bicycling Brisk walking Paddling a canoe or kayak Roller skating or roller blading Walking up stairs Water aerobics
Vigorous-intensity exercise includes:
Jogging or running Jumping rope Playing basketball Riding a bike on hills Snow skiing Swimming laps
While these activities are appropriate for all ages, keep safety in mind when exercising with children. Use helmets when needed and make sure your kids’ skill level is matched to the activity. This is especially important with any potentially dangerous forms of exercise (such as kayaking, skiing, or swimming.)
Fitting Exercise In
Between work and responsibilities at home, parents may find it difficult to fit exercise into their busy days. While pedometers are helpful for increasing the number of steps you take each day, the goal of cardiorespiratory endurance is to noticeably increase your breathing and heart rates. Improving the health of your heart and lungs will lead to a healthy weight, increased strength, more stamina, and higher energy levels if the exercise is done consistently. Try the following ways to transform your daily activities into part of your cardio workout:
Bypass the riding mower for the push mower when it’s time to cut the grassInstead of using a leaf blower, rake your leaves and bag themOrganize a weekly softball or basketball game with friends or coworkers in place of happy hourTake quick trips up and down stairs at work instead of the elevatorWalk briskly for 30 minutes on your lunch break
Cardio With Kids
There are a variety of ways to incorporate cardio exercise into your family’s routine. Including your kids in your workouts not only improves everyone’s health, it can also strengthen your bond as a family.
Make Exercise Fun
Exercise can be more attractive to kids if you turn your family’s cardio workout into a game. Activities like these can help everyone enjoy daily physical activity with plenty of laughter and fun:
Dancing: Have fun dancing to your own music and movies. Coordination isn’t a requirement; movement is all that matters. You can also play dancing video games such as “Dance Dance Revolution.” For kids and parents who aren’t into sports, this is a great way to enjoy cardio exercise. Hopping, skipping, and twirling: Break out the jump ropes and hula hoops for a cardio workout that is kid-friendly and lots of fun, but also challenges the heart and lungs. Playground games: Many classic, kid-favorite backyard games, especially tag (in its many forms) require plenty of running around, which definitely gets hearts pumping. Sports: Chasing a ball is great cardio exercise. Think of sports such as kickball, basketball, lacrosse, soccer, tennis, and other racquet sports. Winter sports like ice skating, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing also require and build cardiorespiratory endurance.
Turn Work Into Play
Don’t overlook the fact that many everyday chores you do as a family can count toward your exercise goals. Below is a list of a few of the activities you can do with your kids to raise your heart rate:
MoppingMowing the lawn with a push mowerRaking leavesSweepingVacuumingWashing the car
Anything that raises your heart and breathing rate fits the description of cardio exercise. See what other ideas you can come up with and try to add them into your weekly exercise routine.
A Word From Verywell
Cardiorespiratory endurance is an important measure of overall physical health. Increasing your and your kids’ physical activity levels are worthy goals, but not always easy to achieve. Children are often tired after school and other activities, and the pull of friends and technology is a competing factor when it comes to exercise. However, by incorporating some of these ideas into your family’s lifestyle, you can find creative and fun ways to include physical activity in your daily life, with the result of better health for everyone. There was an error. Please try again.
